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Walden is a book by noted transcendentalist Henry David Thoreau. The text is a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings. The work is part personal declaration of independence, social experiment, voyage of spiritual discovery, satire, and (to some degree) manual for self-reliance. First published in 1854, Walden details Thoreau s experiences over the course of two years, two months, and two days in a cabin he built near Walden Pond, amidst woodland owned by his friend and mentor Ralph Waldo Emerson, near Concord, Massachusetts. Thoreau used this time to write his first book, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers. The experience later inspired Walden, in which Thoreau compresses the time into a single calendar year and uses passages of four seasons to symbolize human development. By immersing himself in nature, Thoreau hoped to gain a more objective understanding of society through personal introspection. Simple living and self-sufficiency were Thoreau s other goals, and the whole project was inspired by transcendentalist philosophy, a central theme of the American Romantic Period. 《瓦尔登湖》详细记录了梭罗在长达两年零两个月时间里的日常生活状态以及所思所想。他在小木屋旁开荒种地，春种秋收，自给自足。他是一个自然之子，他崇尚自然，与自然交朋友，与湖水、森林和飞鸟对话，在林中观察动物和植物，在船上吹笛，在湖边钓鱼，晚上，在小木屋中记下自己的观察和思考。他追求精神生活，关注灵魂的成长，他骄傲地宣称：“每个人都是自己王国的国王，与这个王国相比，沙皇帝国也不过是一个卑微小国，犹如冰天雪地中的小雪团。”梭罗以他的实际行动告诉我们：人们所追求的大部分昂贵品，大部分的所谓生活的舒适，非但没有必要，而且对人类进步大有妨碍。