论其他学派的谬误

第十四章 韩非子与法家

法家的社会背景

韩非子，法家的集大成者

法家的历史哲学

治国之道

法家与道家

法家与儒家

第十五章 儒家的形而上学

事物之“理”

万物生成之“道”

万物变易之“道”

“中”与“和”

“庸”与“常”

从启蒙到止于至善：明与诚

第十六章 治国平天下的哲学主张

秦朝统一中国前的中国政治情况

中国的统一

《大学》

《荀子》中的折中倾向

《庄子》中的折中倾向

司马谈和刘歆的折中主义思想

第十七章 汉帝国的理论家：董仲舒

阴阳家和儒家的合流

对宇宙本体的理论

人性的学说

社会伦理学说

政治哲学

历史哲学

对《春秋》的解释

社会进步的三个阶段

第十八章 儒家兴盛和道家再起

思想的统一

孔子在汉代思想界的地位

汉代经学中古文学派和今文学派之争

扬雄和王充

道家与佛家

政治和社会背景

第十九章 新道家：崇尚理性的玄学

名家再次引起人们的兴趣

对孔子的重新诠释

向秀和郭象

道是“无”

万物的“独化”

典制与道德

有为与无为

知识与模仿

齐万物

终极的自由与快乐

第二十章 新道家：豁达率性的风格

风流与浪漫精神

“杨朱的乐园”

率性的生活

感情

情爱

第二十一章 中国佛学的基础

佛教的传入及其在中国的发展

佛学的一般概念

二谛义

僧肇的哲学

道生的哲学

第二十二章 禅宗：潜默的哲学

禅宗起源的旧说

第一义不可说

修禅的方法

顿悟

无成之功

第二十三章 更新的儒家：宇宙论者

韩愈和李翱

周敦颐的宇宙论

精神修养的方法

邵雍的宇宙论

事物演化的规律

张载的宇宙论

第二十四章 更新的儒家：两个学派的开端

程颢对“仁”的认识

程朱的“理”的观念的来源

程颐的“理”的观念

陶冶感情的方法

寻孔颜乐处

第二十五章 更新的儒学：主张柏拉图式理念的理学

朱熹在中国历史上的地位

“理”或原理

太极

“气”

性和心

政治哲学

修心养性的方法

第二十六章 更新的儒学中的另一派：宇宙心学

陆九渊论心

王守仁的宇宙观

“明德”

良知——来自直觉的认识

“正事”

“用敬”

对佛学的批评

第二十七章 西方哲学的传入

反对更新的儒学的思潮

孔教运动

西方思想的传入

西方哲学的传入

第二十八章 厕身现代世界的中国哲学

哲学家和哲学史家

抗日战争时期的哲学耕耘

哲学的性质

人生的境界

形而上学中的方法论

英文版编者引言

译后记

AUTHOR S PREFACE

CHAPTER 1 THE SPIRIT OF CHINESE PHILOSOPHY

Place of Philosophy in Chinese Civilization

Problem and Spirit of Chinese Philosophy

The Way in which Chinese Philosophers Expressed Themselves

The Language Barrier

CHAPTER 2 THE BACKGROUND OF CHINESE PHILOSOPHY

Geographic Background of the Chinese People

Economic Background of the Chinese People

Value of Agriculture

“Reversal Is the Movement of Ta o”

Idealization of Nature

Family System

This-worldliness and Other-worldliness

Chinese Art and Poetry

The Methodology of Chinese Philosophy

Maritime Countries and Continental Countries

The Permanent and the Changeable in Chinese Philosophy

CHAPTER 3 THE ORIGIN OF THE SCHOOLS

Ssu-ma T an and the Six Schools

Ssu-ma T'an and the Six Schools

Liu Hsin and His Theory of the Beginning of the Schools

A Revision of Liu Hsin s Theory

CHAPTER 4 CONFUCIUS, THE FIRST TEACHER

Confucius and the Six Classics

Confucius as an Educator

The Rectification of Names

Human-heartedness and Righteousness

Knowing Ming

Confucius Spiritual Development

Confucius Position in Chinese History

CHAPTER 5 MO TZU, THE FIRST OPPONENT OF CONFUCIUS

Social Background of the Mohist School

Mo Tzu s Criticism of Confucianism

All-embracing Love

The Will of God and Existence of Spirits

A Seeming Inconsistency

Origin of the State

CHAPTER 6 THE FIRST PHASE OF TAOISM:YANG CHU

The Early Taoists and the Recluses

Yang Chu s Fundamental Ideas

Illustrations of Yang Chu s Ideas

Yang Chu s Ideas as Expressed in the Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu

Development of Taoism

CHAPTER 7 THE IDEALISTIC WING OF CONFUCIANISM: MENCIUS

The Goodness of Human Nature

Fundamental Difference between Confucianism and Mohism

Political Philosophy

Mysticism

CHAPTER 8 THE SCHOOL OF NAMES

The School of Names and the “Debaters”

Hui Shih s Theory of Relativity

Kung-sun Lung s Theory of Universals

Significance of the Theories of Hui Shih and Kung-sun Lung

CHAPTER 9 THE SECOND PHASE OF TAOISM:LAO TZU

Lao Tzu the Man and Lao-tzu the Book

The Invariable Law of Nature

Human Conduct

Political Theory

CHAPTER 10 THE THIRD PHASE OF TAOISM:CHUANG TZU

Chuang Tzu the Man and Chuang-tzu the Book

Way of Achieving Relative Happiness

Political and Social Philosophy

Emotion and Reason

Way of Achieving Absolute Happiness

The Finite Point of View

The Higher Point of View

Knowledge of the Higher Level

Methodology of Mysticism

CHAPTER 11 THE LATER MOHISTS

Discussions on Knowledge and Names

Discussions on Dialectic

Clarification of All-embracing Love

Defense of All-embracing Love

Criticsm of Other Schools

CHAPTER 12 THE YIN-YANG SCHOOL AND EARLY CHINESE COSMOGONY

The Six Classes of Occult Arts

The Five Elements as Described in the “Grand Norm”

The “Monthly Commands”

Tsou Yen

A Philosophy of History

The Yin and Yang Principles As Described in the“Appendices”of the Book of Changes

CHAPTER 13 THE REALISTIC WING OF CONFUCIANISM: HSÜN TZU

Position of Man

Theory of Human Nature

Origin of Morality

Theory of Rites and Music

Logical Theories

Fallacies of Other Schools

CHAPTER 14 HAN FEI TZU AND THE LEGALIST SCHOOL

Social Background of the Legalists

Han Fei Tzu, the Synthesizer of the Legalist School

Legalist Philosophy of History

Way of Government

Legalism and Taoism

Legalism and Confucianism

CHAPTER 15 CONFUCIANIST METAPHYSICS

The Principles of Things

The Ta o of the Production of Things

The Ta o of the Transformation of Things

The Mean and Harmony

The Common and the Ordinary

Enlightenment and Perfection

CHAPTER 16 WORLD POLITICS AND WORLD PHILOSOPHY

Political Conditions Preceding the Unification by Ch in

Political Conditions Preceding the Unification by Ch'in

The Unification of China

The Great Learning

Eclectic Tendency in the Hsün-tzu

Eclectic Tendency in the Chuang-tzu

Eclecticism of Ssu-Ma T an and Liu Hsin

Note on the Chinese concept of Nationalism(see p.203)

CHAPTER 17 THEORIZER OF THE HAN EMPIRE:TUNG CHUNG-SHU

The Amalgamation of the Yin-Yang and Confucianist Schools

Cosmological Theory

Theory of Human Nature

Social Ethics

Political Philosophy

Philosophy of History

Interpretation of the Ch un Ch iu

Three Stages of Social Progress

CHAPTER 18 THE ASCENDANCY OF CONFUCIANISM AND REVIVAL OF TAOISM

The Unification of Thought

The Position of Confucius in Han Thought

The Controversy of the Old and New Text Schools

Yang Hsiung and Wang Ch ung

Taoism and Buddhism

Political and Social Background

CHAPTER 19 NEO-TAOISM: THE RATIONALISTS

The Revival of Interest in the School of Names

A Reinterpretation of Confucius

Hsiang Hsiu and Kuo Hsiang

The Ta o is“Nothing”

The “Self-transformation” of Things

Institutions and Morals

Knowledge and Imitation

The Equality of Things

Absolute Freedom and Absolute Happiness

CHAPTER 20 NEO-TAOISM:THE SENTIMENTALISTS

“Yang Chu s Garden of Pleasure”

“Yang Chu's Garden of Pleasure”

Living According to Impulse

The Emotional Factor

The Factor of Sex

CHAPTER 21 THE FOUNDATION OF CHINESE BUDDHISM

Introduction and Development of Buddhism in China

General Concepts of Buddhism

The Theory of Double Truth

Philosophy of Seng-chao

Philosophy of Tao-sheng

CHAPTER 22 CH ANISM: THE PHILOSOPHY OF SILENCE

Traditional Account of the Origin of Ch anism

Traditional Account of the Origin of Ch'anism

The First Principle Is Inexpressible

Method of Cultivation

Sudden Enlightenment

The Attainment of Non-attainment

CHAPTER 23 NEO-CONFUCIANISM:THE COSMOLOGISTS

Han Yü and Li Ao

Cosmology of Chou Tun-yi

Method of Spiritual Cultivation

Cosmology of Shao Yung

Law of the Evolution of Things

Cosmology of Chang Tsai

CHAPTER 24 NEO-CONFUCIANISM: THE BEGINNING OF THE TWO SCHOOLS

Ch eng Hao s Idea of Jen

Ch'eng Hao's Idea of Jen

Origin of the Ch eng-Chu Idea of Li

Ch eng Yi s Concept of Li

Method of Dealing with the Emotions

The Search for Happiness

CHAPTER 25 NEO-CONFUCIANISM: THE SCHOOL OF PLATONIC IDEAS

Position of Chu Hsi in Chinese History

Nature and Mind

Political Philosophy

Method of Spiritual Cultivation

CHAPTER 26 NEO-CONFUCIANISM: THE SCHOOL OF UNIVERSAL MIND

Lu Chiu-yüan s Conception of the Mind

Lu Chiu-yüan's Conception of the Mind

Wang Shou-jen s Conception of the Universe

“The Illustrious Virtue”

Intuitive Knowledge

“The Rectification of Affairs”

Attentiveness of the Mind

Criticism of Buddhism

CHAPTER 27 THE INTRODUCTION OF WESTERN PHILOSOPHY

Reaction Against Neo-Confucianism

Movement for a Confucian Religion

Introduction of Western Thought

Introduction of Western Philosophy

CHAPTER 28 CHINESE PHILOSOPHY IN THE MODERN WORLD

The Philosopher and the Historian of Philosophy

Philosophical Production in Wartime

The Nature of Philosophy

The Spheres of Living

The Methodology of Metaphysics

EDITOR S INTRODUCTION