世界因何美妙而优雅地运行

约翰·布罗克曼

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Edge年度问题：你最心仪的那个深邃、美妙而优雅的科学理论是什么？
引言
01 EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS AND THE CONFLICTS OF HUMAN SOCIAL LIFE 复制基因之间的竞争
02 EVOLUTION BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION 自然选择的进化之路
03 LIFE IS A DIGITAL CODE 生命是一组数字代码
04 REDUNDANCY REDUCTION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION 冗余度压缩和模式识别
05 THE POWER OF ABSURDITY 荒谬的力量
06 HOW APPARENT FINALITY CAN EMERGE 何以水落石出
07 FACT, FICTION, AND OUR PROBABILISTIC WORLD 事实，虚幻，与我们的概率性世界
08 AN UNRESOLOVED (AND THEREFORE UNBEAUTIFUL) REACTION TO THE EDGE QUESTION 什么是美的阐释？
09 THE DARK OF THE MIND 心灵暗物质
引言
10 SNOWFLAKES AND THE MULTIVERSE 雪花和多重宇宙
11 QUAI-ELEGANCE 晶体的优雅
12 “THERE ARE MORE THINGS IN HEAVEN AND EARTH…THAN ARE DREAMT OF IN YOUR PHILOSOPHY.” 天地之大，万物生长，远非你的智慧所能想象
13 MATHEMATICAL OBJECT OR NATURAL OBJECT? 数学对象还是自然物体？
14 THE PRICE EQUATION 普赖斯方程式
15 SIMPLICITY ITSELF 简单的本质
16 EINSTEIN EXPLAINS WHY GRAVITY IS UNIVERSAL 爱因斯坦理论阐明了为什么引力是万有的
17 THE FAURIE-RAYMOND HYPOTHESIS 论福莱-雷蒙德假设说
18 GROUP POLARIZATION 群体极化
19 UNCONSCIOUS INFERENCES 无意识推论
引言
20 BOLTZMANN S EXPLANATION OF THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS 熵永远不会衰减
21 PTOLEMY S UNIVERSE 托勒密的宇宙
22 SIMPLICITY 论简单
23 EINSTEIN S PHOTONS 爱因斯坦的光子学
24 GO SMALL 见微知著
25 WHY IS OUR WORLD COMPREHENSIBLE 为什么我们的世界是可以理解的？
26 ALFVÉN S COSMOS 阿尔文的宇宙
引言
27 OUR UNIVERSE GREW LIKE A BABY 我们的宇宙曾如婴儿一般生长
28 KEPLER ET AL. AND THE NONEXISTENT PROBLEM 开普勒之流和非存在问题
29 HOW INCOMPATIBLE WORLDVIEWS CAN COEXIST 相克能否相生
30 IMPOSSIBLE INEXACTNESS 无法实现的不精确性
31 THE NEXT LEVEL OF FUNDAMENTAL MATTER 基础物质的下一个层级？
32 OBSERVERS OBSERVING 观者之观
33 LANGUAGE AND NATURAL SELECTION 语言和自然选择学说
34 COMMITMENT 承诺
35 TIT FOR TAT 以牙还牙
36 TRUE OR FALSE:BEAUTY IS TRUTH 是非题：美即是真
引言
37 DAN SPERBER S EXPLANATION OF CULTURE 文化是人类种群中关于认知与交流的沉淀
38 ERATOSTHENES AND THE MODULAR MIND 埃拉托色尼和模块化思维
39 METAREPRESENTATIONS EXPLAIN HUMAN UNIQUENESS 元表征学阐释人类独特性
40 WHY THE HUMAN MIND MAY SEEM TO HAVE AN ELEGANT EXPLANATION EVEN IF IT DOESN T 即便空空如也，何以人类心智追求至雅解释？
41 GENES, CLAUSTRUM, AND CONSCIOUSNESS 基因、屏状核和意识
42 OVERLAPPING SOLUTIONS 重叠的解决方案
43 OUR BOUNDED RATIONALITY 我们的有限理性
44 SWARM INTELLIGENCE 群体智能
45 FITNESS LANDSCAPES 适应度景观
46 ON OCEANS AND AIRPORT SECURITY 论海洋与机场安保
47 PLATE TECTONICS ELEGANTLY VALIDATES CONTINENTAL DRIFT 大陆漂移之谜
引言
48 WHY SOME SEA TURTLES MIGRATE 海龟迁徙的秘密
49 A HOT YOUNG EARTH: UNQUESTIONABLY BEAUTIFUL AND STUNNINGLY WRONG 地球年龄之谜
50 SEXUAL-CONFLICT THEORY 性冲突理论
51 THE SEEDS OF HISTORICAL DOMINANCE 历史统治的果实
52 THE IMPORTANCE OF INDIVIDUALS 论个体的重要性
53 SUBJECTIVE ENVIRONMENT 主观环境
54 MY FAVORITE ANNOYING ELEGANT EXPLANATION: QUANTUM THEORY 量子理论
55 EINSTEIN S REVENGE: THE NEW GEOMETRIC QUANTUM 爱因斯坦的复仇：新几何量子学
56 FRAMES OF REFERENCE 参照系
57 WHAT TIME IS IT? 请问，几点了？
58 REALISM AND OTHER METAPHYSICAL HALF-TRUTHS 现实主义和其他形而上学的半个真理
引言
59 EPIGENETICS—THE MISSING LINK 表观遗传学：进化缺失的一环
60 ALL WE NEED IS HELP 我们真正需要的是帮助
61 IN THE BEGINNING IS THE THEORY 开端即理
62 THOMPSON ON DEVELOPMENT 汤普森的发展论
63 HOW DO YOU GET FROM A LOBSTER TO A CAT? 龙虾如何进化成了猫？
64 GERMS CAUSE DISEASE 病从细菌来
65 DIRT IS MATTER OUT OF PLACE 污秽与肮脏
66 INFORMATION IS THE RESOLUTION OF UNCERTAINTY 信息是不确定性的分辨率
67 EVERYTHING IS THE WAY IT IS BECAUSE IT GOT THAT WAY 万物如此，皆因其本
68 THE IDEA OF EMERGENCE 涌现的想法
69 FLOCKING BEHAVIOR IN BIRDS 鸟类群聚行为
70 LEMONS ARE FAST “飞快柠檬”
71 FALLING INTO PLACE: ENTROPY AND THE DESPERATE INGENUITY OF LIFE 水到渠成：熵与博大精深、同心致远
72 WHY THINGS HAPPEN 天地何以生万物
73 WHY WE FEEL PRESSED FOR TIME 缘何感受时间紧迫
引言
74 THE HIGGS MECHANISM 希格斯机制
75 WHY THE SUN STILL SHINES 为何金色太阳永不落
76 BOSCOVICH S EXPLANATION OF ATOMIC FORCES 博斯科维克的原子力理论
77 FEYNMAN S LIFEGUARD 费曼的救生员
78 THE TRUE ROTATIONAL SYMMETRY OF SPACE 真实的空间旋转对称
79 BIRDS ARE THE DIRECT DESCENDANTS OF DINOSAURS 鸟类是恐龙的直接后裔
80 COMPLEXITY OUT OF SIMPLICITY 因简单，而复杂
81 RUSSELL S THEORY OF DESCRIPTIONS 罗素的摹状词理论
82 THE PIGEONHOLE PRINCIPLE 鸽巢原理
83 THE PIGEONHOLE PRINCIPLE REVISITED 重返鸽巢原理
84 THE LIMITS OF INTUITION 直觉的局限性
85 THE MIND THINKS IN EMBODIED METAPHORS 心智通过具象化隐喻进行思考
86 METAPHORS ARE IN THE MIND 隐喻在我心
87 WHY PROGRAMS HAVE BUGS 程序为什么会出错
88 CAGEPATTERNS 牢笼模式
引言
89 MOORE S LAW 摩尔定律
90 COSMIC COMPLEXITY 纷繁复杂的宇宙
91 THE GAIA HYPOTHESIS 盖亚假说
92 THE CONTINUITY EQUATIONS 连续性方程式
93 PASCAL S WAGER 帕斯卡的赌注
94 EVOLUTIONARILY STABLE STRATEGIES 坚如磐石的进化策略
95 THE COLLINGRIDGE DILEMMA 科林格里奇困境
96 TRUSTING TRUST 信则有
97 IT JUST IS? 本来如此？
98 SUBVERTING BIOLOGY 颠覆生物学
99 SEX AT YOUR FINGERTIPS 指尖上的性别
100 WHY DO MOVIES MOVE? 为什么电影会移动？
101 WOULD YOU LIKE BLUE CHEESE WITH IT? 您喜欢配上蓝芝士吗？
引言
102 OUT OF THE MOUTHS OF BABES 童言稚语：天空为什么是蓝色的？
103 THE BEAUTY IN A SUNRISE 瑰丽日出
104 MOTHER NATURE S LAWS 大自然的法则
105 THE OKLO PYRAMID 奥克洛金字塔
106 KITTY GENOVESE AND GROUP APATHY 吉蒂·吉诺维斯案件与群体冷漠
107 THE WIZARD OF I “说谎”的意识
108 ONE COINCIDENCE, TWO DÉJÀ VUS 一次机缘巧合，两次似曾相识
109 DEEP TIME 深度时空
引言
110 THE PRINCIPLE OF INERTIA 惯性原理：我们为什么感受不到地球在运动？
111 PLACING PSYCHOTHERAPY ON A SCIENTIFIC BASIS: FIVE EASY LESSONS 基于科学的心理疗法：五步法
112 TRANSITIONAL OBJECTS 过渡性对象
113 NATURAL SELECTION IS SIMPLE BUT THE SYSTEMS IT SHAPES ARE UNIMAGINABLY COMPLEX 自然选择看似浅显易懂，实则博大精深
114 HOW TO HAVE A GOOD IDEA 奇思妙想从何而来
115 THE ORIGIN OF MONEY 货币的起源
116 THE PRECESSION OF THE SIMULACRA 模拟物的先行
117 TIME PERSPECTIVE THEORY 时间洞察力理论
118 DEVELOPMENTAL TIMING EXPLAINS THE WOES OF ADOLESCENCE 发育时机阐释青春期的烦恼
119 IMPLICATIONS OF IVAN PAVLOV S GREAT DISCOVERY 伊万·巴甫洛夫伟大发现的启示
引言
120 HORMESIS IS REDUNDANCY 毒物兴奋效应是一种冗余
121 NATURE IS CLEVERER THAN WE ARE 大自然远比人类更智慧
122 IMPOSING RANDOMNESS 无与伦比的随机性
123 THE UNIFICATION OF ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM 电力与磁力的统一
124 FURRY RUBBER BANDS 毛皮摩擦索线
125 SEEING IS BELIEVING: FROM PLACEBOS TO MOVIES IN OUR BRAIN 眼见为实：从安慰剂到大脑中的电影
126 THE DISCONTINUITY OF SCIENCE AND CULTURE 科学与文化的非连续性
127 THE BEAUTIFUL LAW OF UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES 非预期效应的美丽法则
128 WE ARE WHAT WE DO 我行故我在
129 PERSONALITY DIFFERENCES: THE IMPORTANCE OF CHANCE 个性差异：机遇的重要性
引言
130 THE ORIGINS OF BIOLOGICAL ELECTRICITY 生物电的起源
131 METABOLIC SYNDROME: CELL ENERGY ADAPTATIONS IN A TOXIC WORLD 代谢综合征：毒性环境里的细胞能量适应性
132 DEATH IS THE FINAL REPAYMENT 死亡是终期清偿
133 DENUMERABLE INFINITIES AND MENTAL STATES 可数的无穷数和心境
134 INVERSE POWER LAWS 逆幂律
135 HOW THE LEOPARD GOT HIS SPOTS 美洲豹的斑点从何而来
136 THE UNIVERSAL ALGORITHM FOR HUMAN DECISION MAKING 供人类决策的通用算法
137 LORD ACTON S DICTUM 埃克顿公爵的僵局
引言
138 WE ARE STARDUST 吾为星辰
139 ELEGANT=COMPLEX 优雅=繁复
140 TINBERGEN S QUESTIONS 廷贝亨的提问
141 THE UNIVERSAL TURING MACHINE 通用图灵机
142 A MATTER OF POETICS 诗歌的问题
143 WHY THE GREEKS PAINTED RED PEOPLE ON BLACK POTS 古希腊人为什么在黑色陶器上使用红绘风格
144 LANGUAGE AS AN ADAPTIVE SYSTEM 语言是一种自适应系统
145 THE MECHANISM OF MEDIOCRITY 中庸之道
146 THE PRINCIPLE OF EMPIRICISM, OR SEE FOR YOURSELF 经验主义原理，抑或眼见为实
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世界因何美妙而优雅地运行